May 21, 2013

Science alone can’t make tough decisions for us

On April 14, The United States Preventive Services Task Force concluded that women with an elevated risk of breast cancer – who have never been diagnosed with breast cancer but whose family history and other medical factors increase their odds of developing the disease–should consider taking one of two pills that cut that risk in half. The Task Force is an independent panel of medical experts who review the medical literature to estimate the pros and cons of preventive interventions. This is the same Task Force that in recent years raised questions about the benefits of mammograms in 40 to 50-year-old women, and PSA tests for men of all ages, tests that screen respectively for breast and prostate cancer. Despite the popularity of both of these tests, the Task Force concluded that their harms often outweigh their benefits.

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Your patients are rating you online: How to respond. Manage your online reputation: A social media guide. Find out how.

Why we should be thankful to Angelina Jolie and Betty Ford

Why we should be thankful to Angelina Jolie and Betty Ford

When Angelina Jolie announced that she’d undergone a bilateral mastectomy to prevent the breast cancer for which a genetic mutation puts her at high risk, I found myself, as a doctor and as a woman, full of admiration and gratitude for her… and also, in retrospect, for Betty Ford.

In a single New York Times op-ed piece, Ms. Jolie used her celebrity to accomplish several things: she brought attention to the high prevalence of breast cancer; she brought attention to the availability (but also, for most people, the prohibitively high cost) of genetic testing; and, no less important, as Rebecca Mead pointed out in this post, she shifted the public discussion of a celebrity’s breasts away from “Are they big enough? Are they sexy enough? Are they really hers?—[questions that] are objectifying and demeaning.” (Anyone who saw Seth MacFarlane’s “We Saw Your Boobs” number at this year’s Oscars knows that this is a welcome and needed shift, indeed).

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Your patients are rating you online: How to respond. Manage your online reputation: A social media guide. Find out how.

Dr. Brenda Milner's Interview in The New York Times

Still Charting Memory's Depths
The New York Times
20 May 2013

Read here

Hyponatremia and surgical outcomes

From a recent paper in JAMA Internal Medicine: Methods To determine whether preoperative hyponatremia is a predictor of 30-day perioperative morbidity and mortality, we conducted a cohort study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database... Results..Preoperative hyponatremia was associated with a higher risk of 30-day mortality (5.2% vs 1.3%;

May 20, 2013

If rounding did not exist, would I create it?

@JoshHerigon asks (after an interesting back and forth on Twitter yesterday): I’m saying–if you never knew what “rounding” was, would you still develop a system for meded/pt care that looks like our rounds?

The answer is yes, but it deserves an explanation.

One cannot avoid rounds on inpatient rotations. Rounds are simply the process of seeing all the patients and making clinical decisions with those patients. If one is caring for patients in the hospital, then one must see all the patients. Rounds in that sense are a tautology.

But I do not think that is the question. The underlying question refers to medical education. Should attending physicians see the patients with the learners and teach during those visits? Again I say yes.

We have learned from this article:

The most consistent finding was that more patients cared for per day was associated with higher examination performance. More structured learning activities were associated with higher examination scores for students with lower baseline USMLE 1 achievement.

Clearly, one cannot learn medicine without patients. Osler famously said, “He who studies medicine without books sails an uncharted sea, but he who studies medicine without patients does not go to sea at all.”

Seeing patients as a student or resident without having the attending physician discuss the findings, demonstrate the physical findings, and explicate the thought process almost nullifies the experience. We learn much at each level of training. Each year we become more sophisticated. Seeing patients directs our growth.

What is the best way for the attending to give feedback to students and residents? I (and many others) believe that rounding provides the ideal setting for practical teaching.

If I had to invent rounding, it would be for the combined benefit of the learners and the patients. I do believe that when well done, rounding represents the critical teaching activity for learners, and the most important exercise for patients.

How and when do we learn to talk: Why German and French babies cry differently

Prof. Angela D. Friederici, of the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig talks about Language Acquisition. She asserts that babies learn language right from birth, even cry with the intonations of their mother tongue.



Source: How and when do we learn to talk? | Tomorrow Today - Interview - YouTube http://bit.ly/15DQJSQ

The relationship between health care cost and quality

High quality does not mean lower cost. In fact the relationship is all over the map in this analysis.

May 19, 2013

More Measles

Although the year seemed to get off to a slow start, we have seen several big measles outbreaks lately that are already boosting this year's numbers. Unfortunately, it is unlikely that the official measles case count from the CDC, which is now at 40, includes the large numbers of cases from the measles outbreaks...

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Treating the patient, not the disease

The team presented his story during pre-rounds. He had lived his life “cleanly”, not smoking or drinking, eating in moderation. Recently he had a malignant disease present, and now had a new metastasis.

As a physician, we want to like all patients, but in fact, we have favorites. This man engendered respect and concern from the first time we entered his room. In trying to reconstruct our response, I feel at a loss. I cannot explain this feeling, that I suspect all physicians have regularly. We just want to do a bit more for some patients. From the first time we met him, he knew that his prognosis was poor.

We worked on considering a treatment for the metastasis, but then another symptom occurred, and we discovered widespread metastases.

Each day when we visited his room, I girded myself for the conversation. Each day I left the room feeling a bit better. Each conversation could have been much more difficult had he and family not been so understanding and appreciative. We had the conversation about treating the patient and not the disease, because we could not defeat the disease. We made clear that we would not stop treating the patient.

Each day he encouraged me, not explicitly, but implicitly. Each day I sat at his bedside and held his hand. We made certain that all his symptoms were well controlled. We made certain that the family agreed with the patient’s plan.

An important lesson occurs to most physicians over time. We can cure some diseases; we can slow the progression of some diseases; we can prevent the complications of some diseases, or at least delay those complications; but we should always remember that we are treating patients, not diseases. When we can no longer impact the disease, our responsibility does not change.

Patients, not diseases, are our responsibility. We must always remember that.

Holistic evaluation of prospective medical students?

Well, the idea seems to be that character and other intangible attributes of applicants are important and not just academic performance according to this NEJM piece. It's true, of course, although it's nothing new. It's what admissions committees have been after for decades and has long been the focus of applicant interviews and letters of recommendation. But in the minds of some these matters

May 18, 2013

Saturday Safety Roundup

In this week's Saturday Safety Roundup, stories of:

  • a 12-month-old in Dallas, Texas who died after she was left in a hot car while her mother went to work as a teacher's aide at an area elementary school.
  • an 11-month-old in Miami, Florida who died after he was left in a hot car after his mother went into their home without him.
  • an 11-year-old in Bossier City, Louisiana who was unintentionally shot in the abdomen by a 13-year-old with a .22 revolver that belongs to a family member.
  • an 11-year-old in Lake City, Florida who died when his 4-year-old sister unintentionally shot him in the neck on Mother's Day.
  • a 15-year-old in Houston, Texas who died while sitting in the front seat of a car after he was unintentionally shot by another teen who was sitting in the back seat.
  • a 13-month-old in Tullahoma, Tennessee who is in critical condition after her father unintentionally shot her in the chest while cleaning his gun.
  • a 5-year-old in Denton, Texas who died after he was unintentionally shot in the head by an 8-year-old friend who had found a .22-caliber rifle in a bedroom at the younger child's home.
  • a 6-year-old in Amarillo, Texas who unintentionally shot himself in the abdomen while at a relative's home.
  • a 14-year-old in Santa Fe, New Mexico who was unintentionally shot in the thigh by a friend who was playing with a gun.
  • a 13-year-old near Arborfield, Arizona who died when the ATV he was driving between his farm and his grandparent's home rolled after it got caught on some barbed wire between two fence posts.
  • a 7-year-old in Tooele County, Utah who died when the ATV she was riding on as a passenger veered off a road, went into some trees, and a low-hanging branch ruptured an artery in her neck.
  • a 16-year-old in Hinesburg, Vermont who died after an ATV accident. His father found him unconscious about a half mile from their home.
  • a 12-year-old in Baldwin, New York who died when his ATV flipped while he was trying to remove a post from the ground.
  • two toddlers in La Mesa, California who drowned in a backyard swimming pool.
  • a 4-year-old in Topeka, Kansas who nearly drowned in a lake near his home. His father found him in the lake after he noticed he was gone.
  • a 17-month-old in Glendale, California who is in critical condition after nearly drowning in a backyard pool at a relative's house, which he may have got to through a doggy-door.
  • an 11-year-old in Springtown, Texas who died after he tripped and fell near a school bus that was pulling away from a bus stop and was run over.
  • a 2-year-old in Middletown, Ohio who suffered severe burns on both of her arms after falling into a 13-gallon trash can that was filled with hot water (to clean it) while reaching for a pencil. The hot water heater in the home was set to 160 degrees.
  • a 12-month-old in Mayo, Florida who is in serious condition after getting run over by a pickup truck as she played in her driveway.
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Anxiety and other psychological disturbances: do they have a role in the metabolic syndrome?

The link is discussed in this intriguing article, free full text via Medscape.

May 17, 2013

Every single hour of television watched after the age of 25 reduces the viewer’s life expectancy by 22 minutes

By comparison, smoking a single cigarette reduces life expectancy by about 11 minutes.

An adult who spends an average of six hours a day watching TV over the course of a lifetime can expect to live 4.8 years fewer than a person who does not watch TV.

References:

Get Up. Get Out. Don't Sit. - NYTimes, 2012 http://nyti.ms/10oXBQd

Comments from Twitter and Google Plus:

Humera Naqvi, MD @nayab78: hmmm that means we ppl should be dying early taking the amount of tv watched but life expectancy has increased.

K Dillon, RDMS,CPC-A @comalliwrites: Confounders & confirmation bias not accounted for...

@ShadolooDoll: Misleading. It isn't TV itself, but the lack of activity. A person who is dedicated to exercise can still watch TV, right?

Timothy Cook: Great, since I stopped watching TV.  I can start smoking again!  ;-)

Davíð Þórisson: Phew - no mention of watching Youtube! :-)

Jimena Yosara Aguilar Jimenez: I'll never watch tv again

Dimiter Stanev: Does that mean that disabled people suffer from this too?

Image source: Wikipedia, Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2.5 License.

Safer Strollers

We may soon be getting safer strollers.

And that's good news if you have been affected by one of the many stroller recalls over the last few years. In addition to stroller recalls, the CPSC states that there have been "more than 1,200 stroller-related incidents, including four fatalities and nearly 360 injuries that occurred from 2008 through 2012."

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Evidence based medicine twenty years later

A few months ago marked the twentieth anniversary of the launch of evidence based medicine (EBM). Now seems a good time for a retrospective. After twenty years what does EBM mean? Where has it taken us? What are the distortions and unintended consequences? You might be surprised. What I intend to do is start with a little of the history of EBM, talk about the essential notion as

May 16, 2013

Antibiotics and the risk of sudden cardiac death

In the May 17 2012 issue of the NEJM Ray et al reported an increased risk of sudden cardiac death attributable to the use of azithromycin. I blogged that issue here. The study was limited, being a cohort study based on administrative data and the absolute risk was low but its findings were compelling, particularly in regard to the timing of SCD in relation to the use of azithromycin. A more

May 15, 2013

Does Better Recess Equal Better School Days?

Often, when you ask younger kids what they like best about school, they will say recess.

That's not surprising. Everyone could use a nice little break in their day to have some fun.

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Central line insertion: practical aspects

Line Insertion Technique & Follies from Andrew Ferguson

May 13, 2013

James Madison on Obamacare


"It will be of little avail to the people that the laws are made by those they elected, if laws be so voluminous that they cannot be read, or so incoherent that they cannot be understood."
James Madison, Federalist no. 62.

According to this source while the House bill and the Senate version contained over 2,000 pages a PDF file of the final law has "only" 906 pages.I could find no  link attempting to quantify  its incoherence.

Discharge planning information for patients

This is from the JAMA series on information for patients and families and is a nice easy to read summary of what they can expect as they navigate through the transition process.

May 12, 2013

Shigatoxin associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+ HUS)

As pointed out in this review, the classic form is a pediatric entity. When cases arise in adults they are less typical and the distinction from TTP is blurred. These cases are probably best termed TTP-HUS and should not argue against plasma exchange therapy.

May 11, 2013

Saturday Safety Roundup

In this week's Saturday Safety Roundup, stories of:

  • a 12-year-old in Camden, New Jersey who was unintentionally shot in the face by a 12-year-old with a .38 caliber revolver as they got ready to go to school.
  • a 2-year-old in Corsicana, Texas who died after he unintentionally shot himself in the head with a handgun that he found in a bedroom.
  • a 3-year-old in Tampa, Florida who died after he unintentionally shot himself with his uncle's 9mm handgun that he had left in a backpack.
  • a 6-year-old in Oakland Park, Florida who is in critical condition after she was unintentionally shot in the chest by her 13-year-old brother.
  • a 4-year-old  in Brighton, Alabama who is in critical condition after he was unintentionally shot in the head while in a bedroom with another 4-year-old.
  • a 7-year-old in Omaha, Nebraska who was hospitalized after he was mauled by two Rottweilers who got through their yard's wireless electronic fence and attacked the boy on the street, biting him on his forehead and scalp.
  • a 10-year-old in St. George, Utah who required surgery after sustaining 4 broken ribs and multiple wounds over his head, face, chest, and legs, etc., after he fell off a wall while playing hide-and-seek in his neighborhood and into a yard with three Rottweilers. A woman and her 11-year-old daughter at the home who rushed out to protect him were also attacked.
  • a child in Henderson County, Texas who is critical condition after being attacked by a pit bull.
  • a 15-year-old in Northland Township, Minnesota who died after losing control of the ATV she was driving, which flipped over.
  • a 3-year-old in Tucson, Arizona who drowned in an unfenced backyard pool at a home where her parents were visiting for a gathering.
  • a 3-year-old in Yuma, Arizona who drowned in his family's backyard swimming pool.
  • a 3-year-old in Sarasota, Florida who nearly drowned in an apartment pool after taking off her floaties. She was saved by a 10-year-old neighbor who noticed her floating her face down, after the toddler's guardian had gotten out of the pool to put out a fire on a nearby barbecue grill.
  • a 3-year-old in North Platte, Nebraska who is in critical condition after nearly drowning in a pond while his stepfather was fishing.
  • a 20-month-old in El Cajon, California who is in critical condition after he nearly drowned in a backyard swimming pool.
  • a 10-month-old in San Diego, California who is in critical condition after nearly drowning in a bathtub.
  • a 23-month-old in Upper Marlboro, Maryland who is in critical condition and "battling for his life" after nearly drowning in a pool.
  • a 2-year-old in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma who was briefly unattended and drowned in a bathtub.
  • two teens in Pascagoula, Mississippi who drowned in the Pascagoula River after they were swept into the current and sucked under a barge while knee-boarding.
  • a 2-year-old in Dublin, Ohio who had his foot amputated after a lawnmower accident.
  • an 18-month-old in Camas, Washington who had his leg cut off when his grandfather unintentionally backed over the toddler on his Kubota riding lawnmower.
  • a 10-year-old in Fort Gaines, Georgia who died after she was ejected while sitting near the front of a school bus during an accident. The driver lost control of the bus on a curve and hit a culvert.
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Annals of Internal Medicine promotes acupuncture for comparative effectiveness research

Often in my professional development I am taught to consider the source. Information presented by pharmaceutical companies is to be rejected. Blogs are to be read with an extra measure of caution. A journal's reputation means something. Not so much anymore. Now we have to evaluate medical claims on their own merits regardless of the source. That demands a little more effort. Why do I say

May 10, 2013

Hydroxyethyl Starch

Not warranted in critically ill patients requiring volume resuscitation according to new JAMA meta-analysis.

May 09, 2013

The milk-alkali syndrome's remarkable comeback

According to this Mayo Clinic Proceedings review: Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS) consists of hypercalcemia, various degrees of renal failure, and metabolic alkalosis as a result of ingestion of large amounts of calcium and absorbable alkali. This syndrome was discovered in the 1930s after treatment of peptic ulcer disease with milk and sodium bicarbonate had become common.1 Initially considered a

May 08, 2013

Alzheimer's Disease: Gammagard Fails

From the company press release:

Baxter Announces Topline Results of Phase III Study of Immunoglobulin for Alzheimer's Disease

DEERFIELD, Ill., May 7, 2013 - Baxter International Inc. (NYSE:BAX) today announced that its Phase III clinical study of immunoglobulin (IG) did not meet its co-primary endpoints of reducing cognitive decline and preserving functional abilities in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. The Gammaglobulin Alzheimer's Partnership (GAP) study was conducted by Baxter in collaboration with the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS), a clinical trial consortium supported by the United States National Institute on Aging in the National Institutes of Health.

Topline analyses from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial found that after 18 months of treatment, patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease taking Baxter's IG treatment at either the 400 mg/kg or the 200 mg/kg dose did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in the rate of cognitive decline as compared to placebo (mean 7.4 in the 400 mg/kg group, 8.9 in the 200 mg/kg group, and 8.4 in the placebo group). Results also did not indicate a statistically significant change in functional ability as compared to placebo (mean -11.4 in the 400 mg/kg group, -12.4 in the 200 mg/kg group, and -11.4 in the placebo group).

Read the full press release here.

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Additional discussion at the Alzheimer Research Forum website at this page: Gammagard™ Misses Endpoints in Phase 3 Trial

Bike to School Day Is Today

Bike to School Day - Photo courtesy of the National Center for Safe Routes to SchoolToday is the second annual National Bike to School Day, which joins Walk to School Day to help get kids more active and build "awareness for the need for walkable communities."

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May 07, 2013

Studies for National Youth Traffic Safety Month

As we observe National Youth Traffic Safety Month, let's take a look at some recent studies that show we need to do more to keep our kids safe on the road.

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Measles in Michigan

An infant who wasn't vaccinated has developed a probably case of measles in Battle Creek, Michigan after traveling out of the country. The child likely exposed other people to measles at an area pediatric office and an emergency room in the Kalamazoo area.

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May 06, 2013

May 05, 2013

Hand Hygiene Day - Save Lives: Clean Your Hands

Handwashing is Caring - Photo by Dana Robinson (CC BY-SA 2.0)Not to be confused with Global Handwashing Day, which was observed on October 15, today is Hand Hygiene Day, the World Health Organization's annual campaign to promote the message to Save Lives: Clean Your Hands.

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Cyberbullying is Rampant in High Schools

One in six high school students report being the victims of cyberbullying. - Photo courtesy of J_O_I_D

Bullying at school has likely been a problem as long as there have been schools.

Barton D. Schmitt, MD wrote about bullying as a possible cause of school phobia in a 1971 article in Pediatrics, "School Phobia - The Great Imitator: A Pediatrician's Viewpoint."

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Patient-centered decision making

Patient centered decision making is a core principle of evidence based medicine (EBM). A recent Annals paper looked at patient centered decision making and demonstrated a positive effect on outcomes: Background: Patient-centered decision making (PCDM) is the process of identifying clinically relevant, patient-specific circumstances and behaviors to formulate a contextually appropriate care plan

May 04, 2013

What? You say I have blood clots in my lungs??!!

Can you dissolve them? What if they move?For a conversation starter share this JAMA patient information article.

May 03, 2013

Patient safety strategies: what's proven, what isn't, what we should adopt

A review was recently published in the Annals of Internal Medicine.It's difficult to parse because it only cites other reviews and policy documents, not primary sources. It lists ten measures “strongly encouraged” and twelve “encouraged” for “adoption now.”The strongly encouraged measures are:1) Pre-op and anesthesia checklists2) Central line checklists and other bundles3) Process interventions

May 02, 2013

Hazards of using enoxaparin in patients with reduced creatinine clearance but above the threshold for dose adjustment

From a recent paper in JAMA Internal Medicine: Methods Patients received enoxaparin sodium, 1 mg/kg, every 12 hours or 1.5 mg/kg once daily between June 1 and November 30, 2009. Moderate renal impairment was defined as creatinine clearance (CrCl) of 30 to 50 mL/min. Normal renal function was defined as CrCl greater than 80 mL/min. The primary outcome was major bleeding, defined as any bleeding

May 01, 2013

Stroke prevention in hypertension: how do calcium blockers line up against other antihypertensives?

From a recent meta-analysis: In a pooled analysis of data of 31 RCTs measuring the effect of CCBs on stroke, CCBs reduced stroke more than placebo and β-adrenergic blockers, but were not different than ACEIs and diuretics. More head to head RCTs are warranted.

April 30, 2013

Negative CT to rule out SAH?

We were optimistic, but not so fast according to this study.

April 29, 2013

Masquerading bundle branch block: what is it?

Quite often one encounters a wide QRS in the dominant rhythm of the electrocardiogram which may have features of either or both bundle branch blocks but is typical of neither. It is often referred to as nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay (IVCD). If the condition is chronic and stable (that is, not due to external factors such as drug effects or hyperkalemia) it generally represents

April 28, 2013

Overuse of PICCs in CKD patients

PICCs (or PICC lines to those suffering from the redundant acronym syndrome) have become popular because they offer a convenient option for IV access and blood sampling. They are becoming the default option for patients who are a “tough stick” or have special IV therapy needs. These are usually the sicker patients who are likely to have CKD. But there's a problem in CKD patients. PICC use may

April 27, 2013

Long term central venous catheter related infections: what to do?

Remove? Treat through? Antibiotic lock?A practical review is presented here and the IDSA guidelines for IV catheter related infections in general are here.

April 25, 2013

To discuss "high value" medical care do we need to begin with what is value

Apparently in the history of economics for a while the early thinkers in the field were a bit perplexed by what was known as the diamond-water paradox.Why was is that diamonds were worth so much more that water even though water was necessary for life.

The story goes that in the late 1800s three economists working independently devised what became known as the  subjective marginal theory of value. Their notion was that value was not inherent in an object but value was in the eye and mind of the valuer.There is no such thing as value without a valuer.Further the valuers made their evaluation at the margin. A man living by a lovely stream of potable water would pay little or nothing for a glass while a person lost in the desert without supplies would pay almost anything for a drink.The early economists were considering things from the view point of mankind in general for whom water  was essential for life but the value of a given increment of water was evaluated by individual people each with their own set of values and needs and  circumstances which could change over time.It was the value at the margin, the marginal value and it was subjective.

The American College of Physicians has announced a program called High value,cost conscious care replete with an abbreviation ( HVCC). See here for some details.

Value is not inherent in things but is subjective but there may be objective proxy-measures of value such a market value. However, these measures in turn depend on the subjectivity of the individuals who make the choices. I have no reason to believe that the leaders of ACP have anything but good intentions in this initiative but I wonder if their notion of value is stuck somewhere  in the early 19th century.

Here is a quote from ACP that seems to say we can have our cake and eat it too.

"[ the initiative is] to help physicians and patients understand the benefits, harms, and costs of an intervention and whether it provides good value, and to slow the unsustainable rate of health care costs while preserving high-value, high-quality care."

My question is in regard to how will "good" or "high "value be determined. It seems like the history of the notion of value in the world of economics has lead to the widely accepted concept that value is subjective.Does this now say that after all value can really be objectively determined? So the advocates and practitioners of cost effectiveness would seem to  say. I should add in fairness that the authors of the quoted Annals article do state that in the final  analysis a subjective judgement in required.At the end of the analytic process  someone or some group makes a subjective judgment.Is the benefit greater than the risks or does treatment x cost "too much".Too much in the judgment of whom. Will the value being decided by the patient to whom the risk and benefits accrue or will the value be decided by a group of medical experts after making a cost effectiveness "determination".

In the March 7,2013 issue of the NEJM there is a thoughtful commentary by Dr. Lisa Rosenbaum entitled "The Whole Ball Game-Overcoming the Blind Spots in Health Care Reform" which addresses certain aspects of the notion of value in health care. She says:

"Value in health care, however,depends on who is looking , where they look and what they expect to see....". Are we fooling ourselves if we believe that efforts to reign in health care cost can be done by only eliminating things of low value?" 

 That quote seems to express the notion of subjective value- that individuals subjectively evaluate a given event ( test or treatment ) from her own point of view which may or may not coincide with a determination of value by practitioners of cost effectiveness and cost benefit analysis who after they carry out the various elements of the statistical package make their subjective evaluation cloaked though it may be in the robes of a  purported objective analysis.



April 22, 2013

At least one labor union fails to recognize the social justice of Obamacare

Apparently the roofers union believed the administration's claim that if you like your health care insurance plan you can keep it. Now they finally seem to have realize the bogus nature of that pre ACA passage ploy.

See here for the union leaders statement asking for repeal of at least some of ACA.

" I am therefore calling for repeal or complete reform of the Affordable Care Act to protect our employers, our industry, and our most important asset: our members and their families.
 

April 18, 2013

High value health care-who gets to decide?


In the 1 Feb 2011 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine,an ACP committee offers up a entry entitled
High-Value, Cost Conscious Health Care: Concepts for clinicians to Evaluation, and Costs of Medical Intervention" with Douglass K. Owens, the lead author.

They begin with their definition of value  which is " an assessment of the benefit of a intervention relative to expenditures." So balancing benefit and cost is considered value.

As a possible counterpoint I quote the following from the blog, "Politics & Prosperity" :

The theory of subjective value, which is a cornerstone of microeconomics, says that
value is not inherent in things. There may be objective proxy-measures of value—like market value—but these depend primarily on the subjectivity of the individuals who make the choices. The prices of things, in other words, result from people’s subjective valuations of things.
The often quoted,Harvard Business School professor, M.E. Porter defines as: Value =outcome/cost. See here for my earlier comments on Porter,value and its determination.

The Annals authors then make what they believe to be critical distinction -the distinction between cost and value. So that a high cost item may or may not provide high value and low cost may have little benefit , therefore low value.The price ( or cost?) of things in micro-economic theory results from the subjective valuation of things by people.

The authors then redefine rationing (or in the authors words " more appropriately define) to mean "restricting the use of effective, high-value care". So that if an intervention that is "determined" to be low value is restricted this would not be considered rationing. One can see what power this puts in the hands of those who determine what is high and low value.We will not have rationing-in the ACP definition- if we only eliminate those interventions that some one ( government? an ACP committee, United health Group ?) has determined to be low value. You think the power to define the words we use and the power to control the narrative is not important.

If a treatment is both better and cheaper than an alternative there is no problem in deciding between the two. More complexity emerges when an alternative provides more benefits but also costs more. What to do here gets to the core issue. How much is health worth.?In the authors terms- what is the choice of the " cost effectiveness threshold".

Owens et al in regard to determining how much health care is worth say that we need cost  effective analysis  which they say requires "specialized expertise and training" attributes that just happen to be apparently possessed by the authors themselves. Note we are moving from comparative effectiveness analysis to cost effectiveness analysis which is an entirely different matter. The authors tell us that such analysis is expensive and is "typically performed by investigators". In this way the value of competing interventions to patients and to society can be determined. Determining the "value to society"-no hubris there.

 But here is the money quote in which he authors admit the obvious.

"The choice of a cost effectiveness threshold is itself a value judgment and depends on several factors, including who the decision maker is."


 After all of the gathering of various costs and developing estimates of the quality adjusted life years (QALY) and the aggregation of costs and aggregation of estimated benefits and using various analytic tools , a value judgment has to be made. Ultimately  it is a human value judgment- not simply the objective analysis or simply solving a set of equations. The big question question is who will decide; whose judgment will settle the issue..Seemingly, the authors have assumed or gratuitous announced  they ( or similar  experts with special training and expertise) should be the ones whose subjective evaluation is determinative.


I am not speaking against comparative effectiveness research (CER). It is important that we be able to say, for example, if carotid stenting gives better results that carotid endarterectomy and in what groups of patients.Presuming to be able to determine which is the better value if the higher price intervention gives superior results than the less costly alternative is another matter altogether and   in my opinion falls into what I call type 2 hubris.See here for the woefully under utilized  Gaulte classification of hubris in which type 2 is the type that some self defined exceptional persons never outgrow their sense of hypertrophied self worth and instead enlarges to know what is best for everyone .

The authors of the article clearly admit the exercise ultimately is a value judgment. The authors modestly admit that folks with their skillful use of utilitarian statistics of the aggregate  are best able to make those judgments.

Econ 101 courses often talk about economics as involving the allocation of  scarce resources to competing ends and scarcity leading to trade offs.  People in their everyday lives make trade offs that involve some type of formal or more likely informal balancing of costs and benefits. Mark Pennington in his book "Robust Political Economy" said :

"Utilitarianism,however,extends the principle of making trade-offs within a person's life to the trade-offs between lives, and thus fails to respect the discreteness of individual lives."

John Rawls criticized utilitarianism as being inattentive to the separateness of persons and being guilty of treating people as means for the achievement of various social ends. The utilitarianism of  cost effectiveness based decisions regarding health care is in opposition to both the egalitarianism of Rawls and the libertarian views of Nozick but dovetails nicely with the notion of physician as steward of society's medical resources and the medical progressives' overarching principle that medicine is too important and complicated to be left to the individual patient with his  individual separate life and his physician.


(Note: I have written before on the Owens article discussing in  why that approach will deliver much less than they claim and have also commented on the bogus nature of the concept of Quality adjusted life year (QALY) which was actually recognized by the father of utilitarianism and other questionable assumptions involved in cost benefit analysis.)




April 16, 2013

MOOC: "Medical Neuroscience" from Duke at Coursera, Week Two

The first week of the new offering "Medical Neuroscience" has ended and the second begun. I read somewhere that 40-odd thousand people had registered for it. This likely means that about 4000 people will see it through, in terms of the trajectories I have seen in other Coursera offerings. A good group of people contributing to the Discussion Forums, including the Instructor (which is good to see). It is an intensive course for a Coursera offering, with a suggested time commitment of 16-to-20 hours per week. Whether this commitment effects un-enrollments over time will be a curious phenomenon. The first week's lectures were a top-notch job of gross neuroanatomy and of cross-sections of interior gross neuroanatomy. Excellent video and presentations. In all, an excellent start to a course that holds a lot of promise for an educational experience!

April 07, 2013

Another chapter in the story of Obamacare and crony capitalism

Since many states have not and may not ever establish insurance exchanges,a key component of ACA,the federal government is moving ahead to put in place a federal insurance exchange.

The key to that is the "hub" which will be a gigantic computer system which will house information on everyone in  the country. Data will be imputed from  CMS  (Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services),the IRS,Homeland Security and the Justice Department as well as various state agencies.
A Maryland company QSSI ( Quality Software Services Inc ) has been awarded the contract. QSSI is now owned by a division of United Health Group known as Optum.See here.

Now consider  the revolving door part. Steve Larsen now works for Optum.Mr. Larsen with a resume of variously working for state insurance agencies (including being Maryland's Insurance Commisioner) and health insurance companies and then HHS most recently lead a group at HHS charged with setting up rules for insurance coverage for the exchanges.His new job is- according to the Optum web site-executive vice president in charge of  "government solutions". See here for more details about the contract with QSSI and concern about possible cahoots by expressed by folks in both the Senate and House.

Soon after Obamacare was rammed through passed by Congress folks at ACP and AMA offered praise in part because of their claim that social justice was forwarded.More realistically its passage and efforts aimed at subsequent implementation seems a embarrassing monument to crony capitalism and rent seeking.







April 06, 2013

MOOC: "Medical Neuroscience" from Duke at Coursera

The new course "Medical Neuroscience" formally opens on Monday at Coursera.

Developed and offered by Dr. Leonard E. White at Duke, it looks like an excellent course.

The Twitter hashtag for the course is #MedNeuro.

March 29, 2013

FDA approves new multiple sclerosis treatment: Tecfidera

FDA approves new multiple sclerosis treatment: Tecfidera
27 March 2013

Resd the press release

TEDEd: Haptics

The Technology of Touch
by Dr. Katherine Kuchenbecker
TEDEd Talk

Watch

March 28, 2013

Here is a shocker- Bogus "commission" recommends abolition of physician fee for service

Fee for service has increasingly become the bogus reason for  all of what is wrong with health care in the U.S. Now a  group of self designated experts deliberated and concluded what they all likely believed at the onset namely that we must eliminate fee for service (ffs) in medical care.Reference here is to the  "National Commission on Physician Payment Reform". See here for the report.

One could get a idea regarding their likely recommendations by considering some who are on the commission.  Here are some of the participants:

Dr. Troyen Brennan who wrote with Dr. Don Berwick about replacing the physician patient dyad in their 1996 book,  "New Rules" was formerly a VP at Aetna and now an executive VP at CVS Caremark. Here is a quote from Drs.Berwick and Brennan from that book:

“Today, this isolated relationship is no longer tenable or possible… Traditional medical ethics, based on the doctor-patient dyad must be reformulated to fit the new mold of the delivery of health care...Regulation must evolve. Regulating for improved medical care involves designing appropriate rules with authority...Health care is being rationalized through critical pathways and guidelines. The primary function of regulation in health care, especially as it affects the quality of medical care, is to constrain decentralized, individualized decision making.”

 Guess how the author of that paragraph would feel about fee for service for physicians.

Dr. Judy Bigby is Secretary of HHS for Massachusetts.

Dr. Lisa Lotts is a VP at Well Point.

 Somehow the image of a commission of  prominent foxes gathering to make recommendations regarding hen house security comes to mind.


One thing most of the fee for service critics propose is that physicians become part of Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) and therefore they will be compensated for "quality and not volume of care". Does anyone really believe that physician employees of a ACO will not have volume requirement?

Dr John Goodman in this blog commentary says it better than I can in regard to fee for service and ACOs.

"There is absolutely no support for the notion that ACOs will do anything ― anything ― to reduce costs or improve quality (see this recent NCPA blog, “Question: Why Did Anyone Ever Believe in ACOs?”). It is nothing more than a wish dressed up with high-falutin’ language (sustainable, cost-effective, high-quality, interoperable, coordinated, etc.) In fact, virtually all of the evidence indicates just the opposite ― that the elements of ACOs (disease management, pay-for-performance and so on) are useless or worse."

And here is the money quote:

" ... the problem in health care is not fee-for-service, but third-party payment. Almost everything we do during the course of a day is done on a fee-for-service basis and none of it results in high inflation or poor quality. Quite the opposite. The only difference in health care is that someone else is paying the bill, so there is no constraint on the consumer or the provider of services."


Exactly-health care is largely paid for with some one else's money and those some one elses are doing all they can to limit that spending and increase their bottom lines and demonizing ffs and promoting the new bigger and better HMO ( now renamed as ASOs) seems to be their current tactic.

Sadly, the major medical professional organizations are complicit in this push into the ACOs which cannot possibly fix the health care problems but can put many more nails in the coffin of the fiduciary duty of the physician to the patients. How much individual patient advocacy are you going to see in a large organization in which the physician are the employees?  To what extent  will physicians trained in the era in which the world medical view is that physicians are  stewards of society's resources and that their actions should be controlled by utilitarian based cost effectiveness analysis and directives  be dedicated advocates for their patients?


March 19, 2013

"physicians as stewards of society's medical resources" is not just bogus but is a dangerous concept

The "physician as a steward" idea is implicit in Medical Professionalism as defined and promoted by a number of physicians who I label medical progressives and notably by the ABIM Foundation. In their own words they are advocates for " a just and cost effective distribution of finite resources." See here for source of quote.

 I argue that the physician-steward is a bogus and dangerous concept.
 
To consider physicians as stewards is to consider the medical care resources as a collective entity.
This is to say that  Individually possessed  resources or assets should be considered as part of a collective pool owned by everyone and that all have an equal right to some share of the pool.That is the core concept implicit in the physician as a steward phrase.

In regard to a private property system the rights of the owner in general terms are clear. He has the right to use his property,exclude others from use of the property and dispose of the property through sale,gift or inheritance.

 In contrast , the rights are in a common ownership system are vague and indeterminate. It is  not clear how one can be said to "own" something if no one in principle is excluded from making a claim .

 Once the common ownership idea is accepted it then seems to make sense to talk about allocating resources and to consider some one or some group or groups as the appropriate allocators. With common ownership it simply would not work for all of society to willy-nilly feed on the medical commons as soon the resources would be depleted Rather there needs to be a rational plan so that just and cost effective distribution can take place.

The first thing wrong with considering  medical resources as collectively owned is that they are not collectively owned in any real ,literal or legal sense in a free or even semi free society. U.S.medical resources are not like a grassy field in which all of the town folks sheep can come to graze.

While a grassy field for the villager's sheep to graze can be defined by a specific surveyor description, the "medical commons" is a extremely large,always changing, amorphous array,the elements of which defy enumeration. Various entities own various elements of this array-society owns none even though various government entities own some but the government is not society.It is an amorphous abstraction.

The skills,and knowledge of thousands of physicians and others involved in health care are aggregated and then allocate. Further, to speak of allocation means some one or some elite group will do the allocating not individual physician patient units.You know the "dyads" that Drs.Berwick and Brennan wanted to eliminate as the decision making unit in matters of health care.(See here for what Berwick and Brennan has to say about that.)

The dangerous element of the concept is that when medical decisions are made on the basis of cost effectiveness as judged by some third party the individual is at risk of being harmed in the name of some aggregate benefit allegedly exceeding the aggregated cost. It is the utilitarian enterprise -the greatest good for the greatest number. there will be winners and losers and as long as the "utility" of the winners exceeds the utility lost by the losers we have a cost effective outcome. As since society as a whole is better off  it must be fair by definition. Never mind that individuals may be sacrificed to some abstract aggregate benefit .

 This utilitarian approach is not just opposed by libertarians but the egalitarian thinker, John Rawls says of utilitarianism that individual rights may be breached in its effort to bring about the happiness or utility of the greatest number and objects to utilitarian decisions because it ignores the separateness and distinctness of individuals.

The ABIM foundation and committees of the ACP both  are  promoting cost effectiveness analysis. Note this is not comparative effectiveness analysis but recommending the technique to determine  for example if two treatments are both effective that the one with a more favorable cost effective ratio be used.

The idea that medical data analysis technocrats  should be the allocators or at least advisers to the actual allocators is what one would expect from the medical progressives whose major tenet appears to be that medical decisions and too complex to be made by the individual physician patient dyads and is also a  died-and- gone- to- heaven moment for the third party payers who could not be more pleased that is the medical profession itself ( or certain elements of it) who are advocating cost effectiveness .


Social justice was the Trojan horse on which cost effectiveness allocation of finite resources and guideline adherence rode. Operationally it seems that to the ABIM Foundation social justice is mainly all about fair and cost effective allocation of resources. In that scheme there will be two tiers of physicians.

There will be the highly trained cost effectiveness analysts who will determine what is just and cost effective and the worker bee physicians who by adhering to the allocators' guidelines will be promoting social justice in their stewardship role. 


March 13, 2013

Social Justice quote for the day from F.A. Hayek

Since the medical progressive leadership has at least nominally enshrined the pursuit of social justice as a ethical requirement for all physicians I think it is appropriate to at least look at what various prominent philosophers have had to say about the concept of social justice. Such a look is justified if for no other reason that the various polemics promoting a social justice imperative for physicians were bereft of any consideration  of the impressive body of thought which rejects social justice  as a meaningful concept.

FA Hayek's writings are  prominence in that regard .The following quote is from his lengthy treatise "Law,Legislation and Liberty" Volume 2,The Mirage of Social Justice"

"[I]n...a system in which each is allowed to use his knowledge for his own purposes the concept of `social justice' is necessarily empty and meaningless, because in it nobody's will can determine the relative incomes of the different people, or prevent that they be partly dependent on accident. `Social justice' can be given a meaning only in a directed or `command' economy (such as an army) in which the individuals are ordered what to do; and any particular conception of `social justice' could be realized only in such a centrally directed system...In a free society in which the position of the different individuals and groups is not the result of anybody's design--or could, within such a society, be altered in accordance with a generally applicable principle--the differences in reward simply cannot meaningfully be described as just or unjust." (pp. 69-70)

One Sociology text book version of what the concept of social justice  typically involves is the following:

  • Historical inequities insofar as they affect current injustices should be corrected until the actual inequities no longer exist or have been perceptively "negated".
  • The redistribution of wealth, power and status for the individual, community and societal good.
  • It is government's (or those who hold significant power) responsibility to ensure a basic quality of life for all its citizens.
Those precepts while standard fare in the social democracies of Europe could not be more different than the notion of justice expressed in the U.S. constitution and in the thoughts of John Locke.

 Why the views of classical liberalism should be excluded from medical ethics without discussion and the standard welfare state progressive's notion of social justice be included is by no mean clear nor was a cogent argument for that presented in either the New Professionalism on the new ACP ethics.
 


    March 08, 2013

    Is medical practice moving from "What can I do for you" to "What can't I do for you"?

    In a society in which individuals are more or less free to interact with one another and seek each other's services and goods the following phrase is routine; "What can I do for you?" or "how can I help you?"
    I have said that  said many times to a patient at the beginning of an office visit.

    It seems to me that that phrase captures  an important aspect of the mind set of the clinician as she relates to her patients. What can I do for you, how can I help you, what are you concerned about all speak to the role of the physician in her fiduciary duty to the patient.

    Why is it that clinicians seems to be concerned with what they can do for patients and so often health policy wonks emphasize  how we as physicians  can limit what patients receive? To talk of the need  to limit resource use is to assume that a vaguely defined or undefined  too much is being done for patients which translates further to a third party ( either a third party payer or a third party self appointed expert) deciding that the individual decisions of doctors and patients about clinical management issues results in "overuse" of resources.There is a body of thought that maintains physicians are not only obligated to serve the best interests of their individual patient but somehow they are ethically obligated to be the stewards of  resources that somehow in other than a metaphorical sense are owned by society.

     Overuse seems to lie in the eye of the third party payer. Could it be that many in the health policy arena and many of the self appointed thought leaders of major medical professional organizations  believe that patient treatment is too important to leave to the myopic lens of doctor and patient and that their selfish interests are no basis for appropriate medical decisions and that the experts' enduring wisdom should over ride the archaic physician patient dyad.Perhaps first advice and "education" would be enough to disabuse the practicing physician and her relentlessly self centered patient from doing too much. However if discussions about cost savings did not prevail more carrots and sticks might be required.

    Of course "what can I do for you" is not an boundless,open ended agreement to do all and everything a patient may request. If a patient concerned about difficulty with word finding and misplacing his car keys possibly indicating early dementia you might reasonably refuse to comply with his request for a referral for a brain biopsy.  The physician can give informed and reasoned advice about how to proceed taking into account the views and wishes and concerns of the individual patient.

    The new initiative lead by the ABIM Foundation (does anyone else wonder why a organization ostensibly tasked to test the competence of internists needs a foundation ) labelled Choosing Wisely appears to be a list of  "thou shall not s"- sort of a hundred commandments. OK, they are currently phrased not as absolutes but are presented as the much softer and gentler opportunities to have a discussion with your patient not as rules not to be broken.Suggestions first, guidelines later and then perhaps extra payment for compliant socially conscious stewards of society's resources namely the physicians (make that health care professionals) and reduced payment for the recalcitrant and selfish.

    Of course some tests and treatments are ordered and carried out in instances in which no patient benefit is obtained and in some cases harm may  done  but for numerous medical professional organizations to proclaim that  numerous tests and procedures should  not be done ( however gently this is currently presented) seems to me to be efforts to change to mind set from the traditional what can I do for you to what I can not allow you to have.

    I have seen few comments ( see here for one) in anyway critical of the specific recommendation of the Choosing Wisely campaign but there should be thoughtful analysis of each of them before there is any widespread acceptance.Remember evidence based medicine. What is the evidence behind for example no pap tests before age 21.Are there randomized clinical trials ? Is it based on expert opinion? Are we told about potential conflicts of   interests of the authors of the recommendations? Are there published systematic reviews or cost effectiveness analysis for each of the recommendations or for any?

    Any of the numerous ( current count is 130 but stay tuned) recommendations  made by various medical professional organization may well pass the tests of coherence and correspondence with valid evidence but you have to be skeptical  of some many recommendations appearing seemingly so quickly and their manner of presentation appears more authority based or expert based than evidence based.

    No one is in favor of tests and procedures that are of no benefit and/or are harmful.No one is against Mom and apple pie or in favor of the nation going broke from run away medical costs, but to rush to publish 100 plus prohibitions under the banner  of preventing  harm or waste may end up itself doing much more harm than good and even costing more if each specific recommendation is not based on sound evidence based analysis.  Making recommendations that might affect the health and lives of thousands of people is serious and heady business and time after time we have seen well meaning medical recommendations turn out to be very bad advice ( remember HRT for just about all post menopausal women and then for none and then again for some). Doctor,were you wrong then or are you wrong now?

     American Board of Internal Medicine President Christine Cassel, MD, said such rules of thumb  (those suggested by various medical professional organizations regarding certain tests and procedures) seek to change the mindset of physicians and patients alike that "more is better," which can lead to wasteful spending and sometimes harm to the patient.

    "What you're talking about is a culture change," Dr. Cassel told Medscape Medical News in a recent published interview. Let's hope the hoped for  cultural change does not include discarding the fiduciary role.Yet I believe it is significant that neither the New Medical Professionalism nor the New medical ethics of the ACP talks about the fiduciary responsibility of the  physician to the patient.I believe that de-
     emphasizing the fiduciary role of the physician and claiming a role of resource steward for physicians is
    conceptually dangerous and to the extent it is incorporated into day to day medical thinking destructive to the traditional physician patient relationship doling damage to both physicians and patients.


    For each of the recommendations published by the Choosing Wisely campaign  physicians and their patients need to know what is the nature of the evidence? For some probably the evidence is strong and convincing for others maybe not so much.Let's not replace "more is better" with" less is better" because neither is a universal all encompassing decision rule and clinical decisions should not be based on  empty catch phrases such as "less is more" and the vacuous  "the right treatment for the right patient at the right time".


    February 21, 2013

    The language of academic medicine has become the language of the collective

    One of the many changes that have occurred in medicine over the last 40 years ( my professional lifetime)  has been the framing of certain aspects of  medical care into the language of the collective. I have written before abut the bogus nature of the concept of the "Medical commons" (see here for critique of the medical commons bogus analogy ) but that is only a small example of the dominant themes found in medical literature and not just just in the policy wonk journals and editorials such as those found in the NEJM but also in throw away comments found in the boiler plate like introductions to what otherwise are serious medical research papers. How many medical journal articles have you seen that begin with commenting that  disease x, y or z is an important pubic health problem? Defining everything as a public health problem cries out for public health solutions. Are there any health issues that are simply a matter between the patient and his physician?

    The concept of social justice as an ethical imperative of physicians which has though the efforts of a small group of prolific academic writers,certain foundations with deep pockets  and medical insurance industry shills has  become the de facto default position of medical academia and the self proclaimed thought leadesr  and will become standard catechism for the present and future generations of medical students.Aspects of this con job (better word?) has aspects of the  features of the classic Baptist and Bootlegger phenomenon. As some  members of the medical academia promote this view and move out of and into the medical insurance upper level management and various government positions of power it become difficult to identify who are really the baptists and who is conning whom.  Yet,I continue to believe that many of those who advocate social justice and believe that physicians should be the stewards of society's medical resources do so with sincerity and in the belief that these are meaningful terms and worthy goals while at least a few of us believe that allegiance to bogus concepts usually does not work out very well.


     Ask not what you can do for your patient but what you can do for the greater good of the group,ACO or payment panel which you and your patients by random chance have become part of.After all if you do what is cost effective the group will benefit and through some type of metaphysical fairy dust so will your patient even if she or he is deprived on a beneficial test of procedure or medication because he/she is part of the group.Rather than comments like the preceding  being shouted down with a John McEnroe like " you've gotta be kidding" we see that that type  commentary in the NEJM offered by a well known medical economist.See here for the comments of Victor Fuchs and my criticism.

    Since few would doubt that academia in general is populated by a preponderance of liberals, progressives and egalitarians ( See here for some survey data)  why be surprised that medical academia is no exception? The question is why is it that only fairly recently has the rhetoric of medical publications so strongly reflected that mind set appearing not just in editorials and commentaries and in health policy publications  but regularly in the boilerplate introductions to otherwise ordinary presentations of a medical studies.





    February 14, 2013

    update on more Obamacare and central planning bad news

     There is an increasing stream of news almost hourly on the detrimental effects of Obamacare and to adequately review and highlight even the more flagrant examples would overwhelm my limited staff (me).
    However from time to time I'll offer a few . Here are some for today.

    1.The absurd nonsense of the Obama Administration health czars' (the designation czar is alarmingly correct) "compromise" on the contraceptive mandate.See here for  Cato's commentary on that in an article that explains Obamacare's shell game regarding the mandate.

    A related story is that offered by David Catron at The American Spectator, see here. Catron tells a story about a lobbyist for  big Pharma who is now the appointee for a major position at HSS,the Barr Laboratories who make the morning after pill and pricing rules dictated by HHS.Crony Contraceptives is the appropriate title of the commentary.Is this another Cui Bono instance?


     2.The revelation of the egregious conditions at the Stafford Hospital in the UK ( see here for many details ) which can serve as a multiple poster child for the horrors of central planning gone bad,how really bad P4P can turn out and to illustrate once again the primacy of the economic principle that incentives matter. However,it may be that with the NHS 's program for reform,everything will work out especially since apparently Dr. Don Berwick may be chosen to lead the reformation of the system whose praises so loudly he sung some time ago.


    3.This article from Cato by Michael Cannon explains that Obamacare from its beginning treated legal immigrants and citizens who were in a certain income bracket differently.The immigrants were granted a subsidy for health insurance under an insurance exchange while the citizen would get his health care from Medicaid.The health care obtained under Medicaid is widely regarded as inferior.How is that for social justice?


    February 11, 2013

    Foundation gave $ 2.5 million to ABIMF to promote Choosing Wisely

    The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation in 2012 gave the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation (ABIMF) $ 2.5 million to further the promotion of "professionalism" which as explicated in the  Physician 's Charter ( see here)  includes social justice and the wise stewardship of limited medical resources. In this instance the grant was to promote the stewardship theme.  RWJ's website announcement is found  here.

    Specifically the grant was to promote ABIM's Choosing Wisely Campaign.In the words of the RWJ Foundation web site:

     "To (1) leverage and expand the reach of the 2012 Choosing Wisely campaign of the ABIM Foundation to raise awareness about avoiding unnecessary care; (2) spur physicians, patients and other health care stakeholders to think and talk about medical tests and procedures that may be unnecessary; and (3) prepare providers, patients and other stakeholders to decrease unnecessary health care utilization."

    It is no surprise that RWJ Foundation would have warm feelings for the Charter as the link between the two foundations go back at least to 2002 which was the date of the Charter's publication '


    One of the authors of the Physician's Charter was Dr. Risa Lavizza-Mourey who  since 2002 has been the President and CEO of  RWJ .  See here for a listing of the Charter's authors.

    The apparent successful campaign to promote social justice and the stewardship notion has amazed me but it seems less amazing considering the value of  having friends with very  deep pockets. ( RWJ foundation has about 7.5 billion in assets). The person who invited Dr. Lavizza-Mourey to be a co-author in the Charter project (if that is what really happened,I have no insider information) really knows how to get things done. A  Google search was not successful when I attempted to learn how much money over the past 10 years RWJF has given to ABIMF to promote the Charter. If anyone can help with that, please let me know.

    You have to wonder how that  $2.5 million  will be spent and if this ABIMF initiative will be as successful as the promotion of the Charter seems to have been. There are still many physicians who  believe that the promotion of social justice as an basic ethical imperative of physicians is harmful at best and destructive at worse to the physician patient relationship and usurps the fiduciary duty of the physician to the patient.
    With the money behind the promotion of the  social justice-stewardship of society's resources program,we have to be a bit discouraged.

    Avoiding unnecessary tests and treatments for patients does not necessitate  evoking concepts of social justice and  mythical caretakers of society's resources- the traditional medical ethical concepts of beneficence and non-malfeasance  take care of that. Of course,choose wisely in patient management advice but do so because it is right for the individual patient not on the basis of some fairy tale of collective resources being preserved.


    addendum.2/11/2013.I apologize to the CEO of RWJ Foundation for misspelling her name on the initial publication of this post.It is now corrected.

    Social Justice quote for the day-by Thomas Sowell


    Thomas Sowell makes the distinction between what he says is the traditional conception of justice and social justice.See here for the essay from which the following quote was taken.

       " Traditional concepts of justice or fairness, at least within the American tradition, boil down to applying the same rules and standards to everyone.  This is what is meant by a "level playing field"-- at least within that tradition, though the very same words mean something radically different within a framework that calls itself "social justice."  Words like "fairness," "advantage" and "disadvantage" likewise have radically different meanings within the very different frameworks of traditional justice and "social justice."
        John Rawls perhaps best summarized the differences when he distinguished "fair" equality of opportunity from merely "formal" equality of opportunity. Traditional justice, fairness, or equality of opportunity are merely formal in Professor Rawls' view and in the view of his many followers and comrades.  For those with this view, "genuine equality of opportunity" cannot be achieved by the application of the same rules and standards to all, but requires specific interventions to equalize either prospects or results.  As Rawls puts it, "undeserved inequalities call for redress." "

    Libertarians and conservatives on one hand and egalitarians on the other all claim to be supporters of equal opportunity but they mean different things by the same words.The first group is talking about what Rawls calls formal opportunity and the second what he calls genuine opportunity.Egalitarians urge  corrective actions to transform a situation which has what  they consider ethically inadequate formal opportunity to their real deal of genuine opportunity.Libertarians not conversant with the egalitarian nomenclature consider the egalitarian's support of corrective actions to be a concern for and emphasis on outcomes while the egalitarians think of the outcome as an improved and the appropriate opportunity.Debates in which the two parties have different meanings for the same words usually do not get resolved.

    The Charter (The Physician's Charter)( see here for article ) authored by a surprisingly small group (but apparently well funded, see here) internists in 2002 claims that to be  properly professional in the new millennium a physician must strive for social justice raising that goal to the same level as the  key traditional medical ethical precepts of patient autonomy and beneficence for the patient . This notion of justice is not the traditional concept of justice to which many in this country,including no doubt many physicians accept. Audacity is too weak a word to describe their assertions. Unbelievable is too weak a word to describe the apparent success their effort has had as least as judged by the nominal acceptance of that view by a large number of American medical professional organizations.

    Who were the physicians  who lead the social justice movement in the medical profession? This is a topic for a later commentary.